翻譯：江左
引自civfanatics,其中有一些是我們以前可能沒(méi)注意到的。
Technology Research Explained....科研的解釋
Research. It's the fundamental way of advancing in life and in Civ IV, and a necessary part of making your way up the food chain in Civ IV from doormat to winner (whether via space race, diplomacy, conquest, or culture). Unfortunately, it's also the way to figure out how research actually works in Civ IV.
科研在生活與civ4中都是進(jìn)步的基本方法（俺考試主要作弊，順便提一句），而且，在civ4中，是擠上食物鏈頂端，從受氣包變成贏家的必要手段（不論是通過(guò)宇宙競(jìng)賽、外交、征服還是文化）。可惜，這也是了解civ4中科研運(yùn)作方法的手段。
Fortunately for you all, I've done all that. This article came about because I was interested in what the optimal start to the game was. However, upon working out that information, I was startled to discover that the amount of research differed from what my lone city was producing. I dug further in depth into the mechanisms of the game and figured out how research is priced, accumulated, and applied in the game.
大家運(yùn)氣好，俺都做了一遍。因?yàn)槲覍?duì)游戲的優(yōu)化感興趣，所以才寫了這篇文章。？？然而，在工作的過(guò)程中，我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)科研的數(shù)額與我唯一的城市的產(chǎn)出不同。我在數(shù)學(xué)方面深入之后，研究出游戲里的科研是如何定價(jià)、累積以及運(yùn)用的。
This article will explain the ins and outs of how your beakers get put to work to research the technologies that make or break your game of Civ. To learn more, read on....
本文將闡述玩家的燒杯如何轉(zhuǎn)化成科研的細(xì)節(jié)。預(yù)知詳情，那就繼續(xù)……
One important note.提示。
FLOOR means rounding DOWN to the nearest integer AND it has higher precedence than all other operators EXCEPT FOR parentheses. You will see it used a lot in the article.
FLOOR表示向下取整（round down to the nearest integer），并且除了圓括號(hào)（parentheses），它比其它運(yùn)算符號(hào)（operator）有更高的優(yōu)先級(jí)（precedence）。文中經(jīng)常使用向下取整。
The basics (of generating beakers)（生產(chǎn)燒杯的）基礎(chǔ)
1) Each city generates a raw amount of commerce via the squares that are being worked and the trade routes in the cities.
1）每個(gè)城市都通過(guò)土地和城中的商路取得商業(yè)收入。
2) This commerce is in turn translated into beakers (research), coins (gold), or notes (culture) via the technology and culture sliders. The actual amount of beakers and notes are gained by using the specified slider rate in the following equation:
2）上述商業(yè)收入通過(guò)科研和文化控制條被依次轉(zhuǎn)化為燒杯（科研）、金幣（資金）或音符（文化）。燒杯和音符的確切數(shù)量是通過(guò)控制條上特定的稅率，根據(jù)下列公式確定的：
FLOOR (total commerce * the specified slider rate).
下取整（總商業(yè) * 特定稅率）
The remainder is then given in gold.
其余部分轉(zhuǎn)化為資金。
So, yes, you WILL get AT LEAST one gold from each city that has a commerce that is not a multiple of 10, if your science or culture is not 100%.
于是嘛，從每個(gè)商業(yè)收入不是10的整數(shù)倍的城市中，只要科技或文化不是100%，玩家將得到至少1枚金幣。
3) Each city then takes each amount and adds in any additional sources of research, gold, or culture (via shrines, production processes, and specialists, mainly).
3）每城都得出這些數(shù)額，再加上額外的科研、資金或文化來(lái)源（主要是通過(guò)祭壇、物產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化和專家）。
4) Each city then multiplies it by whatever modifiers it has depending on what buildings it has built (e.g., beakers are multiplied by 1.25 if it has a library, gold is multiplied by 1.5 if it has a bank, etc.). NOTE: multipliers are ADDITIVE (i.e., if you have a library and university, your beakers will be multiplied by 1.5 (1 + 0.25 + 0.25) NOT 1.5625 (1 * 1.25 * 1.25)).
4）這個(gè)數(shù)額乘以根據(jù)各城所造建筑而得到的修正值（例，如有圖書館，燒杯則乘1.25，如有銀行，資金乘1.5，等等）。注意：乘數(shù)（multiplier）有疊加性（ADDITIVE）（例，如有圖書館和大學(xué)，燒杯應(yīng)乘以1.5（1+0.25+0.25），而不是1.5625 （1*1.25*1.25））。
5) The beaker totals are then added up across the cities and the sum is your base beaker total.
5）各城的燒杯總數(shù)加到一起就是玩家的總燒杯數(shù)。
％……＃％◎◎×※……～！『，鬼子還真羅嗦，不過(guò)這小子弄的數(shù)學(xué)方法很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，怕是俺的翻譯大伙倒看不明白。

Technology Costs科技成本
To calculate the technology cost of a technology:
要計(jì)算一項(xiàng)科技的成本：
1) Take the base cost of the technology. (This can be found for each technology in Assets⁄XML⁄Technologies⁄CIV4TechInfo.xml).
1）取科研的基本成本（在Assets⁄XML⁄Technologies⁄CIV4TechInfo.xml中有所有科技的資料）。
2) Multiply 1) by the Difficulty Modifier and take the FLOOR of the product. (The difficulty modifier can be found in Assets⁄XML⁄CIV4HandicapInfo.xml.)
2）將1）乘以難度修正，并將結(jié)果下取整（難度修正在Assets⁄XML⁄CIV4HandicapInfo.xml中）。
3) Multiply 2) by the Map Modifier and take the FLOOR of the product. (The map modifier can be found in Assets⁄XML⁄CIV4WorldInfo.xml.)
3）將2）乘以地圖修正，并將結(jié)果下取整（地圖修正在Assets⁄XML⁄CIV4WorldInfo.xml中）。
4) Multiply 3) by the Speed Modifier and take the FLOOR of the product. This generates the actual cost of the technology. (The speed modifier can be found in Assets⁄XML⁄CIV4GameSpeedInfo.xml.)
4）將3）乘以速度修正，并將結(jié)果下取整，便能得出科技的實(shí)際成本（速度修正在Assets⁄XML⁄CIV4GameSpeedInfo.xm中）。
Thus the formula to calculate a Technology's cost is:
因此，計(jì)算科研成本的公式為：
Technology Cost = FLOOR (FLOOR (FLOOR (Base Cost * Difficulty Modifier) * Map Modifier) * Speed Modifier)
科研成本 ＝ 下取整（下取整（下取整（基本成本 * 難度修正）* 地圖修正）* 速度修正）
Applying the Research to the Technology
將科研代入科技
The amount of beakers applied to the technology cost is dependant upon the number of civilizations which know the tech and the number of requirements you have fulfilled for the technology.
應(yīng)用于某項(xiàng)科技的燒杯數(shù)量取決于已經(jīng)掌握該科技的文明數(shù)量和玩家對(duì)該科技的要求的達(dá)成數(shù)量。

Calculating the Known Civilizations w/ Tech modifier計(jì)算已有文明掌握科技的修正？？
1) Multiply 0.30 by the number of KNOWN, LIVING civilizations, who have the tech.
1）已知的、已掌握該科技、并且存活的文明數(shù)量乘以0.3。
2) Divide by the number of civilizations which STARTED on the map and ROUND DOWN to the hundredth place (0.01) of the quotient.
2）【將1）】除以起始文明的數(shù)量，并在百分位（hundredth place of the quotient）取整。？？本句似有語(yǔ)病。
3) Add 2) to 1
3）將2）加1
Tech Known by Civilizations modifier = 1 + RDDW (0.30 * # known Civs who have the tech / # of Civs who started the game
其它文明已掌握的科技修正 ＝ 1 + 取整（0.30 * 已知掌握該科技的文明數(shù)量 / 參與游戲的文明總數(shù)）

Calculating the Prerequisites modifier計(jì)算前提（prerequisites）修正
1) Start with 1. If the technology does NOT have a minimum requirement (i.e., the starting techs = Fishing, The Wheel, Agriculture, Hunting, Mysticism, Mining), then use 1 AS the modifier.
1）如果該科技無(wú)最低要求（例，起始科技＝捕魚、車輪、耕作、狩獵、神話、采礦），設(shè)修正值為1。
2) Add 0.2 to 1) if a Technology has a MINIMUM Requirement that the player has met. Note: Even if a tech has MANY MANDATORY PREREQUISITES, it will still only give you a boost of 1.2 because you MUST have all those prerequisites to research the tech. (IOW, the minimum requirement IS all of those prerequisites.)
2）如果玩家達(dá)到了該科技的最低要求，給1）加0.2。注意：即使一項(xiàng)科技有許多強(qiáng)制前提，它的修正值仍是1.2，因?yàn)橥婕冶仨殱M足所有條件才能展開(kāi)研究（換句話說(shuō)（這明明素俺滴口頭禪），最小要求即全部前提）。
3) Add 0.2 to 2) for EACH ADDITIONAL OPTIONAL Prerequisite that the player has met.
3）玩家每滿足一條選擇性前提，都給2）加0.2。
Requirements modifier = 1 + (0.2 * MINIMUM Req. met) + (0.2 * # of Optional Prereq. met)
前提修正 ＝ 1 +（0.2 * 滿足最小前提）+（0.2 * 滿足非強(qiáng)制前提的數(shù)量）

Calculating the Actual Amount of Beakers Generated Toward a Tech計(jì)算投入一項(xiàng)科技的實(shí)際燒杯量
To calculate the amount of beakers which you generate toward the technology:
要計(jì)算投入該科技的燒